山寺类画-广东评出4个文物保护修缮典范：不改变原状最小干预

中新网广州4月17日电 (记者程景伟)据广东省文化和旅游厅17日消息，去年以来，广东省古迹保护协会面向全省征集古建筑、古遗址、近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑等不可移动文物的保护修缮工程项目，共收到全省19个申报项目，最终评选出4个典型案例。

这4个案例分别为：仙坑村八角楼修缮工程、中共中央至中央苏区秘密交通线汕头交通中站旧址修缮工程、海阳县儒学宫大成殿修缮工程，以及南越国宫署遗址及曲流石渠、南汉宫殿和水井遗迹本体保护工程。

据介绍，入选的典型案例坚持“不改变文物原状”及“最小干预”的原则，或采用传统材料及工艺做法，或合理使用新材料新技术，均取得了良好的工程效果，在维护文物安全及延续文物价值方面具有示范价值。

南越国宫署遗址及曲流石渠、南汉宫殿和水井遗迹本体保护工程项目结合土遗址和南方潮湿环境特点，在采用成熟材料和工艺对病害严重的文物本体进行抢救性保护的同时，对遗址的土、砖瓦陶、石、木等材质的典型病害开展了小规模试验探索，为后续保护工作提供了科学依据。该项目实施工程中采用研究型保护的工作模式，对中国南方同类遗址的保护工作具有示范和借鉴意义。

中共中央至中央苏区秘密交通线汕头交通中站旧址修缮工程涉及建筑为红色革命文物，是当年中央交通局在汕头建立的直属交通站，曾担负人员、物资及情报的往来重任。因年久失修，建筑残损严重，该项目在设计之初充分考虑了后期活化利用的需要，通过对原有结构受力体系的优化，既满足了不改变文物原状的需要，又保证了后期使用的安全性。

位于河源东源县的仙坑村八角楼，始建于清代，是当地规模较大、具有代表性的客家围屋。该项目修缮工程遵循原真性原则，采用传统材料与工艺做法进行施工，保存了文物建筑的历史、艺术价值。该项目是广东省首次开展的“文物扶贫”项目，在“千企帮千村”的扶贫工作中，社会力量与私有资金参与，在乡村振兴中进行文物保护实践，促进文旅融合和地方经济发展。

位于潮州市城区内的海阳县儒学宫大成殿，始建于明代，以木梁架作为主要承重结构，使用了地方特色明显的“接柱”和斗拱做法，木构件因白蚁蛀蚀等因素多有损毁。该修缮工程坚持最小干预原则，对木梁架采取不落架修缮，以“偷梁换柱”方式加固或更换损坏构件。为保护屋脊的完整性及较高的艺术价值，屋面揭瓦时采取不落脊的手段进行保护。

Beijing, Guangzhou, April 17 (reporter Cheng Jingwei) - according to the Guangdong Provincial Department of culture and tourism on the 17th, since last year, the Guangdong Provincial Association for the protection of historic sites has solicited protection and repair projects for immovable cultural relics such as ancient buildings, ancient sites, important modern historical sites and representative buildings from the whole province. A total of 19 application projects have been received from the whole province, and finally four typical cases have been selected. The four cases are: the repair project of the octagonal building in xiankeng village, the repair project of the former site of Shantou traffic central station, the secret traffic line from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Central Soviet Area, the repair project of Dacheng Hall of Confucianism palace in Haiyang County, and the protection project of the relics of Nanyue state palace and meandering stone canal, the palace of the Southern Han Dynasty and the well. It is reported that the selected typical cases have achieved good engineering results by adhering to the principles of "not changing the original state of cultural relics" and "minimum intervention", or using traditional materials and processes, or making rational use of new materials and technologies, and have demonstration value in maintaining the safety of cultural relics and continuing the value of cultural relics. Combined with the characteristics of earth sites and the humid environment in the south, the project carried out a small-scale experimental exploration on the typical diseases of soil, brick, tile, pottery, stone, wood and other materials of the site, while adopting mature materials and processes for the rescue protection of the seriously damaged cultural relics in combination with the characteristics of earth sites and water wells in the south. The research-based protection mode is adopted in the implementation of the project, which has demonstration and reference significance for the protection of similar sites in southern China. The renovation project of the former site of Shantou traffic central station, a secret traffic line from the CPC Central Committee to the Central Soviet Area, involves the construction of red revolutionary cultural relics. It is a traffic station directly under the Central Transportation Bureau established in Shantou at that time, and once undertook the important task of personnel, materials and information exchanges. Due to years of disrepair and serious building damage, the project fully considered the needs of later activation and utilization at the beginning of design. Through the optimization of the stress system of the original structure, it not only met the needs of not changing the original state of cultural relics, but also ensured the safety of later use. The octagonal building of xiankeng village, located in Dongyuan County, Heyuan, was built in the Qing Dynasty. It is a large-scale and representative Hakka enclosure. The renovation works of the project follow the principle of authenticity and adopt traditional materials and processes to preserve the historical and artistic value of cultural relics and buildings. The project is the first "cultural relics poverty alleviation" project carried out in Guangdong Province. In the poverty alleviation work of "thousands of enterprises helping thousands of villages", social forces and private funds participate in the practice of cultural relics protection in rural revitalization, so as to promote the integration of culture and tourism and the development of local economy. Dacheng Hall of Confucianism palace in Haiyang County, located in the urban area of Chaozhou City, was built in the Ming Dynasty. It takes the wooden beam frame as the main load-bearing structure and uses the methods of "connecting columns" and bucket arches with obvious local characteristics. The wooden components are often damaged due to termite erosion and other factors. The repair project adheres to the principle of minimum intervention. The wooden beam frame is repaired without falling off the frame, and the damaged components are reinforced or replaced by "stealing beams and replacing columns". In order to protect the integrity and high artistic value of the roof ridge, the means of not falling the ridge shall be adopted when the roof tiles are uncovered.

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